The Ultimate Guide to Metal Detectors

Metal detectors are powerful devices that can detect the presence of metallic objects buried underground or hidden in various environments. They are widely used in various fields such as archaeology, treasure hunting, security, and hobbyist activities. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the different types of metal detectors, the features to consider when buying one, the best options for beginners and advanced users, tips and techniques for metal detecting, essential accessories, maintenance and care, and the laws and regulations surrounding the use of metal detectors.

Metal detectors work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. They emit a magnetic field that interacts with any metallic object in its vicinity. When the magnetic field encounters a metallic object, it induces a current in the object, which creates a new magnetic field. This change in the magnetic field is detected by the metal detector, which alerts the user through visual or audio signals.

There are three main types of metal detectors: VLF (Very Low Frequency) metal detectors, Pulse Induction metal detectors, and Beat-Frequency Oscillation (BFO) metal detectors. Each type has its own advantages and applications.

VLF metal detectors are the most common type and are suitable for general-purpose metal detecting. They operate at low frequencies and are highly sensitive to small objects. They can discriminate between different types of metals and provide a depth indication for the detected object.

Pulse Induction metal detectors are more advanced and are used for deep-sea diving, gold prospecting, and detecting objects in highly mineralized environments. They work by emitting short bursts of current into the ground and measuring the decay of the magnetic field. They are not affected by mineralization and can detect objects at greater depths.

Discover the best metal detectors for beginners in this detailed guide.

Types of Metal Detectors

VLF Metal Detectors: VLF metal detectors use two coils - a transmitter coil and a receiver coil. The transmitter coil emits a magnetic field, while the receiver coil detects the change in the magnetic field caused by a metallic object. VLF metal detectors are versatile and suitable for various applications.

Pulse Induction Metal Detectors: Pulse Induction metal detectors use a single coil to both transmit and receive signals. They emit short bursts of current and measure the decay of the magnetic field. Pulse Induction detectors are highly sensitive and can detect objects at greater depths.

Beat-Frequency Oscillation Metal Detectors: BFO metal detectors use two coils - one for transmitting and one for receiving signals. They emit two slightly different frequencies and detect the beat frequency produced when the frequencies interact with a metallic object. BFO detectors are simple to use but less accurate than VLF or Pulse Induction detectors.

Features to Consider

Detection Depth: The detection depth determines how deep the metal detector can detect objects. It is influenced by the operating frequency, coil size, and the type of metal being detected.

Target ID: Target ID provides information about the type of metal detected. It helps the user distinguish between valuable targets, trash, or iron objects. Higher-end metal detectors provide a more accurate target ID system.

Ground Balance: Ground balance helps in canceling out the effect of mineralization in the soil. It is essential for accurate detection and reducing false signals. Automatic ground balance is preferred for ease of use.

Discrimination: Discrimination allows the user to ignore certain types of metals or objects. It is useful for filtering out unwanted signals and focusing on specific targets.

Sensitivity: Sensitivity determines the smallest size of the metal object that can be detected. Higher sensitivity allows for detecting smaller objects but may also result in more false signals.

Operating Frequency: The operating frequency determines the type of metal that can be detected. Lower frequencies are more suited for detecting larger objects, while higher frequencies are better for small objects or gold nuggets.

Coil Size: The size of the search coil affects the coverage area and the detection depth. Larger coils provide better coverage but may be less efficient at detecting small targets.

Weight: The weight of the metal detector is an important factor, especially for long periods of use. Lighter models are preferred for comfort.

Display and Controls: An intuitive and easy-to-read display, along with user-friendly controls, enhances the overall metal detecting experience.

Battery Life: Longer battery life ensures extended operation without interruptions. Rechargeable batteries are recommended to reduce recurring expenses.

Waterproofing: Waterproof metal detectors are ideal for beach and underwater metal detecting. They are more durable and can withstand exposure to moisture.

Best Metal Detectors for Beginners

Garrett ACE 250: The Garrett ACE 250 is a popular choice for beginners. It offers excellent performance, ease of use, and a comfortable ergonomic design. It has multiple search modes, target ID, and depth indication features.

Bounty Hunter TK4 Tracker IV: The Bounty Hunter TK4 Tracker IV is another great option for beginners. It is affordable, lightweight, and features a discrimination mode to filter out unwanted signals.

Fisher F22: The Fisher F22 is a versatile and user-friendly metal detector. It has adjustable sensitivity, discrimination, and an easy-to-read display. It is also weatherproof, making it suitable for various outdoor environments.

Best Metal Detectors for Advanced Users

Minelab Equinox 800: The Minelab Equinox 800 is a high-performance metal detector suitable for advanced users. It offers multiple operating frequencies, high sensitivity, and advanced target identification features.

XP Deus: The XP Deus is a top-of-the-line metal detector known for its wireless technology and lightweight design. It provides exceptional performance and customizable settings for experienced users.

Garrett AT Pro: The Garrett AT Pro is a versatile and rugged metal detector suitable for advanced users. It offers advanced features such as manual ground balance, target ID, and waterproofing up to 10 feet.

Metal Detecting Tips and Techniques

Choosing the Right Search Coil: Different search coils have different properties and are suitable for different purposes. Consider the size, shape, and construction of the search coil based on the specific metal detecting needs.

Understanding Target Signals: Practice distinguishing between different target signals to identify valuable objects. Pay attention to the audio signals and any visual indications on the display.

Reading and Analyzing the Ground: Learn to interpret the soil conditions and adjust the metal detector settings accordingly. Understand how different soil types and mineralization affect the detection depth and target signals.

Proper Swing Technique: Maintain a steady and consistent swing speed and height to ensure proper coverage and maximize the chances of detecting objects. Overlapping swings can help eliminate blind spots.

Using the Discrimination Mode: Utilize the discrimination mode to filter out unwanted signals from iron or trash objects. Adjust the discrimination level based on the specific environment and target preferences.

Digging Techniques: Use proper digging tools and techniques to minimize damage to the ground and the detected objects. Fill the holes properly after retrieval to leave the environment undisturbed.

Metal Detecting Etiquette: Respect private property and obtain permission before detecting. Follow the local laws and regulations, clean up any trash found, and leave the area as you found it.

Metal Detecting Accessories

Pinpointers: Pinpointers are handheld tools used to locate the exact location of the detected object. They help in accurately pinpointing the target and speeding up the recovery process.

Headphones: Good quality headphones are essential for hearing faint target signals in noisy environments. They also enhance privacy and allow for better concentration while detecting.

Digging Tools: A sturdy digging tool, such as a trowel or a digging knife, is necessary for extracting the detected objects from the ground. Choose a tool that is durable and comfortable to use.

Carry Bags: Carry bags or backpacks specifically designed for metal detectors help in safely transporting and storing the detector, accessories, and other personal items.

Rechargeable Batteries: Invest in rechargeable batteries and a charger to reduce the cost and environmental impact of using disposable batteries. Ensure compatibility with the metal detector model.

Maintenance and Care for Metal Detectors

Cleaning and Storing: Regularly clean the metal detector to remove any dirt, debris, or moisture. Store it in a dry and safe place to prevent damage and prolong its lifespan.

Coil Care: Take care of the search coil by avoiding unnecessary impacts or dragging it on rough surfaces. Clean it after each use and periodically check for any damage or wear.

Battery Replacement: Replace the batteries as needed to maintain consistent performance. Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for proper battery replacement.

Software Updates: Check for software updates provided by the manufacturer to ensure the metal detector is running the latest firmware. Updates may include performance enhancements or new features.

Metal Detecting Laws and Regulations

Local Laws and Permits: Research and comply with the local laws and regulations regarding metal detecting. Some areas require permits or have specific restrictions on certain locations.

Archaeological Sites Restrictions: Avoid metal detecting in protected archaeological sites or areas of historical significance. These sites are legally protected, and disturbing them is illegal.

Private Property Permission: Always obtain permission from the property owner before conducting metal detecting activities on private land. Respect the owner's boundaries and follow any guidelines they provide.